College of Science, University of Thi-Qar discussed a Ph.D. thesis on biomarkers
in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of bladder cancer by the postgraduate
student, Mrs. Awatef Zuaibel Bidawi.
The thesis highlighted studying the relation between the level of trace elements and some immune parameters as an indicator in bladder cancer patients by detecting the expression (ER, PD_L1, IL-10, IL-13, FGFR3) in transitional epithelial cells via using immunohistochemistry technology. (IHC).
The thesis reviewed revealing the relation between the staining patterns of these potential biomarkers and clinical measures of bladder cancer.
The thesis concluded that PD-L1 expression is a prognostic marker for
urothelial cancer, while FGFR3 expression was significantly related to tumor
grade and degree of invasion and FGFR3 expression indicates that the patient
suffers from multiple tumor characteristics.
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