The College of Electronics Engineering, University of Nineveh discussed a master dissertation on array-mode beam expansion techniques for global internet access applications by the postgraduate student, Ms. Zahraa Turki Hassan.

The dissertation aimed at developing innovative methodologies for generating wide beams in linear and planar antenna arrays designed for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite applications to enhance the efficiency of global internet coverage systems.

The dissertation demonstrated phase control, along with the application of a novel trapezoidal-graded beamforming scheme due to its improved beamforming characteristics compared to traditional methods.

The dissertation addressed the problem of narrow beamwidth in LEO satellite systems by proposing two beam-forming methods using only phase control: the quadratic phase method and the phase optimization method using the genetic algorithm (GA), both employing the trapezoidal beamforming scheme, as well as reviewing a significant improvement in radiation characteristics when trapezoidal amplitude was combined with phase control, the quadratic phase method achieved increased directivity at FNBW = 40° compared to conventional design methods.

The dissertation demonstrated that using genetic optimization with a trapezoidal amplitude scheme offers a promising methodology for generating highly directive and reliable broadband beams, making it suitable for modern satellite communication applications, particularly those dedicated to providing global internet access.